Where is science heading? The main challenges before today's scientists?

Anecdotal and historical accounts of science suggest that in earlier times, researchers pursued science more as a hobby at their own pace with support and encouragement from patrons and communities. This leads to inequality in scientific research, where some fields and researchers may have an easier time obtaining funding and resources, while other fields and researchers may lack this support, making it difficult to conduct meaningful research. Progress of science needs efforts from the researchers with a poly-disciplinary mindset as well as mono-disciplinary strengths.[[5]] The role of science is evident to everyone from the recent example, i.e., protecting eight billion people from the devastating effects of COVID-19 pandemic. Millions of researchers are now pursuing science as opposed to thousands and hundreds of researchers in the earlier periods of science. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Drying Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Research and Technology Development Achievements During the COVID-19 Pandemic—An Overview

At the beginning of 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) started a coordinated global effort to counterattack the potential exponential spread of the SARS-Cov2 virus, responsible for the coronavirus disease, officially named COVID-19. This comprehensive initiative included a research roadmap published in March 2020, including nine dimensions, from epidemiological research to diagnostic tools and vaccine development. With an unprecedented case, the areas of study related to the pandemic received funds and strong attention from different research communities (universities, government, industry, etc.), resulting in an exponential increase in the number of publications and results achieved in such a small window of time. Outstanding research cooperation projects were implemented during the outbreak, and innovative technologies were developed and improved significantly. Clinical and laboratory processes were improved, while managerial personnel were supported by a countless number of models and computational tools for the decision-making process. This chapter aims to introduce an overview of this favorable scenario and highlight a necessary discussion about ethical issues in research related to the COVID-19 and the challenge of low-quality research, focusing only on the publication of techniques and approaches with limited scientific evidence or even practical application. A legacy of lessons learned from this unique period of human history should influence and guide the scientific and industrial communities for the future. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Does COVID-19 reduce international cooperation in supply chain research between the US and China?

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to systematically analyze the existing literature of the supply chain to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the international cooperation in supply chain research between the US and China.Design/methodology/approachSupply chain publications obtained from the Scopus database were analyzed using statistical technique and visual analysis. First, created three datasets of supply chain publications for three time periods: 2010–2019, 2015–2019 and 2020–2021. Then, compared the changes in international cooperation in supply chain research between the US and China before and during the epidemic, as well as the international cooperation patterns for the two countries.FindingsThe study found that during the pandemic, the average monthly number of collaborative publications between China and the US on supply chain research was higher than the five and the ten years before the epidemic. In other words, the epidemic has not led to a decline in international cooperation between the US and China. On the contrary, the epidemic has stimulated international cooperation on supply chain research in the two countries. Secondly, research on the international cooperation patterns of supply chain research shows that China and the US have always been each other's largest partners, and the two countries have generally maintained or increased international cooperation with their top research producing countries during the epidemic. In addition, in supply chain research during the epidemic, the proportion of US–China cooperation in China's international cooperation has declined, while that of the US has increased.Research limitations/implicationsThe time span of the datasets used to analyze the research status before and during COVID-19 is different. Due to the nature of data collection, available time of the dataset during COVID-19 is much shorter. Publications during the COVID-19 continue to grow, and the trends shown by the research results may change somewhat. Furthermore, the search query may not be comprehensive enough to capture all publications related to the supply chain.Practical implicationsThe research results help determine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on international cooperation in US–China supply chain research, and it is of great significance to researchers and policymakers in the field of logistics and supply chain operations.Originality/valueThis study gives a feasible analysis strategy for international cooperative research, which adds great value to this field.

The Importance of the Assessment of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Scientific Research.

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) exhibits morphological similarities with pericardial adipose tissue, however, it has different embryological origin and vascularization. EAT is a metabolically active organ and a major source of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory adipokines, which have a significant impact on cardiac function and morphology. Moreover, it can regulate vascular tone by releasing various molecules. The relationship between EAT and cardiovascular disease and diseases of other organ systems is now considered a common discussion subject. The present clinical review article summarizes the epidemiological findings based on imaging techniques in studies conducted so far. In conclusion, evaluation of the epicardial adipose tissue constitutes a helpful scientific parameter, which can be assessed by means of different diagnostic imaging examinations.

Moonshot: Redesigning NASA's High School Aerospace Scholars Experience at Johnson Space Center for Online Delivery

Moonshot is the redesign of NASA's High School Aerospace Scholars (HAS), which traditionally engaged Texas high school juniors in a 16-week online course for credit and an intense week-long onsite experience working in teams with experts at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC). Due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), our challenge was to design, develop, and deliver an online virtual experience to replace the all-expenses-paid six-day residential summer experience at JSC where HAS participants traditionally work with like-minded peers and NASA experts on authentic design challenges.

Studies on Education, Science, and Technology 2021

Education, science, and technology disciplines at all levels have never been more important, more exciting, or more crucial for its broader impacts on human society. The need for advanced technical skills is increasingly pressing to address climate change, combat COVID and other diseases, enhance the infrastructural built environment, grow food sources to feed an expanding planetary population, make new scientific discoveries, and interface synergistically with the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Teachers/instructors/mentors/professors need to be proficient in the best ways to convey knowledge and motivate the next generations of productive and engaged citizens of an increasingly diverse planet on which its human inhabitants must learn to confront and surmount increasingly difficult challenges to survival and prosperity. Students need to be focused on honing their learning skills and adapting to an ever-evolving global economy demanding always higher levels of technical proficiency. Students also need to be free to pursue any and all areas of interest without interference from cultural, political, ideological, or faith-imposed limitations. Policymakers need to provide the financial and human resources to fuel the engine of education, and they must create the maximum possible latitude for both those who teach and those who learn to pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics to their limits. This book contributes to addressing these needs and to suggesting potential solutions from multiple global perspectives. Adaptability of instructional methods, relevance of instructional content to students' lived experiences, and sensitivity to the mental and physical demands imposed on students must be hallmarks of education. The book is divided into three sections related to studies on education, science, and technology. Each section includes three chapters. The chapter's contributors are from the following countries: the United States, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, the United Kingdom, Russia, and Malaysia. This diversity brings an international perspective to the book.

Global Universities' Leadership during COVID-19: Synergistic Knowledge Production to Mitigate an Endemic Crisis

The role universities play in advancing COVID-specific knowledge and long-term management of this global crisis is largely unknown. In this comparative perspective study, we document the ways in which members from universities in the US, New Zealand, Italy, South Korea, and China engage in activities to respond to the pandemic. We frame this study with consortium-style emergency management and continuity planning (Friedman et al., 2014, Mann, 2007) and apply the sensemaking knowledge management framework (Choo, 1998) to identify strategies that university members employ to generate new scientific knowledge on COVID-19. Our findings reveal that response to the pandemic varies by university stratification, specifically by size and research capacity. At the time of this study, we identified three distinct lenses by which university members position their leadership and research on COVID. Universities from China utilized a post-pandemic approach. Whereas universities in the US, Italy, New Zealand, and South Korea approach their COVID research activities using an evolving-pandemic anticipatory lens and focus on Synergistic Knowledge Production (SKP) on current and future pandemics by engaging in a range of collaborative and interdisciplinary research activities with members of regional universities. Findings also provide policy implications for university-led responses to global health challenges. [Note: The page range (146-160) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 146-161.]

International Cooperation in Scientific Research during the COVID-19

The research uses the network collaborative construction theory to construct a national scientific cooperation network during the COVID-19 epidemic period, aiming to describe the evolution patterns of scientific research cooperation and the impact on the cooperation during the epidemic period. From the perspective of the cooperation network, the research calculates the network features to investigate the evolution patterns of the scientific research cooperation network. The present work also calculates the national cooperation freshness to investigate the dynamic evolution of the cooperation center. Finally, the regression discontinuity design is used to estimate the impact of the epidemic on national scientific research cooperation. The results show that the outbreak of the epidemic strengthens the scientific research cooperation. Furthermore, China played an important role in the epidemic, especially in the early stage. Although the cooperation center has gradually shifted with the change of the affected areas, China is still an important collaborator. Finally, our work studies the cooperative behavior of countries during the epidemic through regression discontinuity design and finds that the epidemic has been promoting people's ability to cooperate in fighting against disasters. © 2022, Editorial Board of Journal of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. All right reserved.

Does the COVID-19 pandemic derail US-China collaboration on carbon neutrality research? A survey

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted scientific research activities, especially international cooperation in scientific research. Using bibliometric methods and scientific knowledge graph software, and by calculating collaboration indicators such as international collaboration rates, this work conducts a comprehensive review of carbon neutrality publications in the Web of Science database before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to explore whether the COVID-19 pandemic derail China-U.S. collaboration on carbon neutrality research. The results show that (i) During the COVID-19 pandemic, more extensive research on carbon neutrality was carried out around the world, with China and the United States leading the way in carbon neutrality scientific output. (ii) Following the outbreak of the COVID-19, the global center of global carbon neutrality shifted from the United States to China. (iii) During the COVID-19 pandemic, research ties between China and the United States strengthened. The number of joint publications on carbon neutrality between China and the United States has greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to those before. (iv) The proportion of China-U.S. cooperation in China's international cooperation has decreased, while it is the opposite for the United States. At the end of the article, we put forward relevant suggestions for realizing the sustainable development goals of climate change in the post-epidemic era for policymakers' reference. This paper provides offers important insights into the theoretical research of scholars in the field of carbon neutrality.

Does marine environmental research meet the challenges of marine pollution induced by the COVID-19 pandemic? Comparison analysis before and during the pandemic based on bibliometrics.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought enormous challenges to the global marine environment. Various responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased marine pollution. Has the COVID-19 pandemic affected marine pollution research? This work comprehensively reviewed marine pollution publications in the Web of Science database before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that the COVID-19 outbreak has influenced the marine pollution research by: (i) increasing the number of publications; (ii) reshaping different countries' roles in marine pollution research; (iii) altering the hotspots of marine pollution research. The ranking of countries with high productivity in the marine pollution research field changed, and developed economies are the dominant players both before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in this field. Other high-productivity countries, with the exception of China, have higher international cooperation rates in marine pollution research than those before the pandemic. Microplastic pollution has been the biggest challenge of marine pollution and has been aexplored in greater depth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the mining results of marine pollution publications show the mitigation of plastic pollution in the marine environment remains the main content requires future research. Finally, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions for the reference of researchers and practitioners to improve the global ability to respond to the challenges posed by the pandemic to the marine environment.

Brilliant Ideas Can Come in All Sizes: Research Letters.

The Journal of Medical Internet Research is pleased to offer "Research Letter" as a new article type. Research Letters are similar to original and short paper types in that they report the original results of studies in a peer-reviewed, structured scientific communication. The Research Letter article type is optimal for presenting new, early, or sometimes preliminary research findings, including interesting observations from ongoing research with significant implications that justify concise and rapid communication.

PRESENCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN POST-PANDEMIC SOCIAL PROBLEMS

The purpose of this study is to analyze the presence of scientific research in the social framework derived from the COVID-19 pandemic. An observational and descriptive study is carried out, with a cross-sectional nature, through a specialized bibliographic review to determine the main impacts suffered during and after the COVID 19 pandemic. Specialized scientific databases are used to determine the scientific production during the post-pandemic stage. COVID. The study allowed the description of some of the fundamental social economic problems derived from the pandemic. Information search methods based on scientific databases of recognized international prestige were used to determine the participation of science in the subject matter. The bibliographic search carried out in the main database of the Web of Scince, allowed to determine the existence of a clear predominance of scientific research of a medical nature, or in health sciences during the stage, while other areas of knowledge influenced in the scientific production during the period were studies in social sciences, biotechnology, psychology, biological sciences, educational sciences and others.

The Developments of the Digital Technologies in the Accounting Scientific Research in the Light of the Corona Pandemic-An Exploratory Study in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

A study has aimed at identifying the uses of the digital technologies in the field of scientific research in general and the accounting scientific research;the study also has illustrated the importance of these technologies in developing the accounting scientific research and enhancing its efficiency;in addition, it has identified a set of the obstacles which the researchers may face while using the digital technologies. Inductive and descriptive analytical analyses have been used;previous studies touching upon the digital technologies in the field of scientific research have been examined in order to develop the theoretical framework and design the questionnaire;the researcher has used one of technical means;the questionnaire has been prepared by Google Drive Program and distributed through private or university e-mail technologies and WhatsApp groups in academic context placed in educational forums. The study has concluded that there are justifications and reasons such as closures during the Corona pandemic which encourage the use of the digital technologies in the accounting scientific research. Furthermore, there are various aspects of the use of the digital technologies in the field of accounting scientific research in obtaining and exchanging the data;in addition, the study has found that the digital technologies play an important role in developing the accounting scientific research and achieve various advantages while using these technologies in the accounting scientific research. However, the researcher in the accounting scientific field faces various obstacles which limit the use of the digital technologies in the accounting scientific research such as a lack of knowledge of the uses of the digital technologies, as well as a lack of trust in information exchanged by these technologies and a high cost of subscription of some scientific websites (i.e research and dissertation repositories). Finally, the study has concluded that scientific research curriculum shall be developed in order to include the digital technologies used in the scientific research and the mechanism of their use. © 2022, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved.

Does COVID-19 reduce international cooperation in supply chain research between the US and China?

Purpose The purpose of this research is to systematically analyze the existing literature of the supply chain to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the international cooperation in supply chain research between the US and China. Design/methodology/approach Supply chain publications obtained from the Scopus database were analyzed using statistical technique and visual analysis. First, created three datasets of supply chain publications for three time periods: 2010-2019, 2015-2019 and 2020-2021. Then, compared the changes in international cooperation in supply chain research between the US and China before and during the epidemic, as well as the international cooperation patterns for the two countries. Findings The study found that during the pandemic, the average monthly number of collaborative publications between China and the US on supply chain research was higher than the five and the ten years before the epidemic. In other words, the epidemic has not led to a decline in international cooperation between the US and China. On the contrary, the epidemic has stimulated international cooperation on supply chain research in the two countries. Secondly, research on the international cooperation patterns of supply chain research shows that China and the US have always been each other's largest partners, and the two countries have generally maintained or increased international cooperation with their top research producing countries during the epidemic. In addition, in supply chain research during the epidemic, the proportion of US-China cooperation in China's international cooperation has declined, while that of the US has increased. Research limitations/implications The time span of the datasets used to analyze the research status before and during COVID-19 is different. Due to the nature of data collection, available time of the dataset during COVID-19 is much shorter. Publications during the COVID-19 continue to grow, and the trends shown by the research results may change somewhat. Furthermore, the search query may not be comprehensive enough to capture all publications related to the supply chain. Practical implications The research results help determine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on international cooperation in US-China supply chain research, and it is of great significance to researchers and policymakers in the field of logistics and supply chain operations. Originality/value This study gives a feasible analysis strategy for international cooperative research, which adds great value to this field.

Contribution in the scientific production of Peruvian universities against COVID-19

Humankind is living more than a year in a COVID-19 pandemic. Faced with this international health emergency situation, scientific research is a tool to combat it. Universities, which must contribute human knowledge, are called upon to do research to combat COVID-19 in different aspects. This work analyses which Peruvian universities have contributed the most to developing projects and publications related to COVID-19. The results show that it is mainly the universities in the capital, Lima, that have won funds from the government to develop projects. © 2022 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences. All rights reserved.

Features of Modern Pandemic Text Translation: Psycholinguistic Experiment

Interpretive theory of translation allows us to consider translation as a tool for studying the process of understanding. The study of the mechanisms of perception and understanding of the text in the process of English-Ukrainian translation permits to clarify the specifics of decoding information about COVID-19 in the pandemic of 2020. The article explains the basic models of understanding popular science text about COVID-19 in the process of English-Ukrainian translation. The material was a popular science text in English about COVID-19, as well as draft and final versions of the translation of answers to 5 questions obtained during a psycholinguistic experiment from 50 respondents. The methodological basis of the study is formed by psycholinguistic experiment (as the main method), quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, comparative analysis, contextual analysis. The theoretical basis of the article consists of the works of Zimnjaja, Peshkova, Novikov, Avakjan. The comparison of draft and final versions of translations helped the authors to determine the features of understanding the content at different stages of translation, as well as the influence of subjective factors on this process: 1) subjects used two main models -- expanding meaning and narrowing meaning;2) about 30% of the subjects demonstrate the action of the mechanisms of meaning formation at the first stage;3) the strategy of attribution or conjecture is fixed at the second stage in the subject area of 'precautionary measures';4) the main difficulties of translation are connected with ignorance of terms of subject areas 'symptoms of COVID-19' and 'neurological complications'.

Best Practices to Support Early-Stage Career URM Students with Virtual Enhancements to In-Person Experiential Learning.

STEM training of college-bound and college students has reliably employed hands-on experiential learning by placing students in on-campus research settings. Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center's Young Empowered Scientists for ContinUed Research Engagement (DF/HCC's YES for CURE) program introduces Massachusetts high school and college students from underrepresented populations to cancer research by immersing them in scientific and nursing research environments. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 summer program was re-designed and delivered virtually for 45 students. Because the program spans three years, we could evaluate the experiences of 18 students (cohort 2) who completed the 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (pandemic) summer programs. Analysis of cohort 2 data revealed three areas where students felt their competence improved with virtual programming (i.e., effective communication of ideas, access to high caliber speakers, engagement with program leaders) and two areas where it declined significantly (i.e., engaging other students, learning lab material). Additionally, student-reported competence to perform 21 scientific research and seven critical thinking processes were not negatively impacted by the virtual transition. Herein, we describe the adaptation of DF/HCC's YES for CURE program to a virtual format and the impact on students as a resource for institutions interested in enhancing their STEM training programs with virtual programming.

Rapid Response in an Uncertain Environment: Study of COVID-19 Scientific Research Under the Parallel Model.

PURPOSE: The rapid response of COVID-19 scientific research played a significant role in pandemic prevention and control but failed to block the spread of the pandemic rapidly. Besides the complexity of the virus, the effectiveness of control and prevention measures, and other factors, the adaptation of the mode of conducting scientific research is also crucial for the prevention and control of COVID-19. In this study, a parallel model was used to explore the effects of the rapid scientific response on COVID-19 to assess why pandemics continue to spread under rapid response. ANALYSIS: This study presents the response of scientific research based on country/region and publication dimensions after analyzing COVID-19 studies in the Web of Science and PubMed databases. Co-occurrence analysis of items was used to determine the generation rate of COVID-19 research under different topics to identify the reflected innovation model. RESULTS: More manifestations on rapid response of COVID-19 research, especially compared with the linear model of SARS research, showed that the COVID-19 research followed a parallel or concurrent innovation model. CONCLUSION: Early multi-stakeholder partnership, convenient information sharing, and improved research competence promote the parallel model in COVID-19. Meanwhile, the uncertainty of the COVID-19 virus and the adverse effect of rapid response may limit the time efficiency of the parallel model. In conclusion, the rapid prevention and control of the pandemic cannot fully rely on scientific research but requires more combined effort under an uncertain global setting.

Doctor of Public Health-Crisis Management and COVID-19 Prevention and Control: A Case Study in China.

In the fields of public health policy and public health care, advanced educational programs are an important strategy in dealing with public health crises. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the global need for skilled public health leaders and managers to address complex public health challenges, which requires the strengthening of public health education at the highest levels. This paper is a qualitative case study of a special educational program for doctors of public health in China. The program's educational objectives are in line with epidemic prevention and control. With the goal of developing the world's leading national public health management system, the Chinese government established an advanced academic program for public health crisis management. The program offers doctoral students a multidisciplinary degree based upon the theoretical knowledge of crisis management, supported by advanced training in the foundational concepts, theories, and practices of public health, and the study of basic medicine which provides the theoretical support for developing essential clinical skills. Program graduates develop the theoretical, practical, and leadership-related capabilities required for the management of national emergencies. The program introduced in this paper meets current epidemic prevention and control needs and should be considered by public health policy makers, leaders, and scholars in the discussion of advanced public health policy and health care education in China, including the development of an internationally recognized Doctor of Public Health program.